Sydney Cove 

For the wrecked ship, see Sydney Cove (ship).
Sydney Cove, Circular Quay

Sydney Cove (called Warrane by the indigenous Cadigal people) is a small bay on the southern shore of Port Jackson (commonly but incorrectly called Sydney Harbour), on the coast of the state of New South Wales, Australia.

History

Sydney Cove was named after the British Home Secretary, Thomas Townshend, Lord Sydney, it was the site chosen by Captain Arthur Phillip on 26 January 1788 (now commemorated as Australia Day) for the British penal settlement which is now the city of Sydney.1

Phillip's instructions were to establish the settlement at Botany Bay, a large bay further down the coast. Botany Bay had been discovered by Captain James Cook during his voyage of discovery in 1770, and was recommended by the eminent botanist Sir Joseph Banks, who had accompanied Captain James Cook, as a suitable site for a settlement. But Phillip discovered that Botany Bay offered neither a secure anchorage nor a reliable source of fresh water. Sydney Cove offered both of these, being serviced by a fresh water creek which was soon to be known as Tank Stream.23

Port Jackson at sunrise, 2007. Sydney Cove in the foreground.
“ It must have been like entering paradise on that summer afternoon when the sea-won convoy passed through the dun and barren headlands into the untouched harbour - the water brilliantly blue, the shores high and wooded without being precipitous, a scattering of islands, sandy beaches, the trees shimmering under the sun.

The site of the settlement was Sydney Cove. It was one of the smaller inlets, chosen because it had fresh water and good anchorage for ships close into the land. The Governor's working party had cleared a camping ground beside the creek, which stole silently along through a very thick wood, the stillness of which had then for the first time since the Creation, been interrupted by the rude sound of the labourer's axe.4

 ”

Today the Tank Stream is encased in a concrete drain beneath the streets of the central business district 5and all native bushland has been cleared. The head of the cove is occupied by the Circular Quay ferry terminal. On Bennelong Point at the northern end of the eastern shore of the cove stands the Sydney Opera House. On the western shore is the historic district known as The Rocks6.

References

  1. ^ http://www.discoversydney.com.au/sydney/history.html
  2. ^ http://www.visitnsw.com/town/Sydney/Tank_Stream/info.aspx
  3. ^ http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/relearn/harbour/history.htm#sydneycove
  4. ^ ., Flora Eldershaw; Marjorie Barnard (writing under their joint nom de plume M. Barnard Eldershaw) (1938). Phillip of Australia. Australia: Angus and Robertson. 
  5. ^ http://www.boudist.com/archive/2008/05/29/tank_stream_tour.php
  6. ^ (1999) Sydney Street Directory. Sydney: UBD, Page 1. ISBN 0 7319 1055 9. 

Coordinates: 33°51′31″S 151°12′42″E / -33.85861, 151.21167